Qsymia long term side effects - diarrhea. dry mouth and tongue. bad taste in your mouth. constipation*. headaches*. mild allergic reaction *†. * To learn more about this side effect, see the “Side effects explained ...

 
Nov 15, 2022 · diarrhea. dry mouth and tongue. bad taste in your mouth. constipation*. headaches*. mild allergic reaction *†. * To learn more about this side effect, see the “Side effects explained ... . Garden sleepers bandq

Aug 1, 2023 · These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about ... COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF QSYMIA IN CHILDREN 12 YEARS OLD AND OLDER INCLUDE: Depression, dizziness, joint pain, fever, flu, and ankle sprain. POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF QSYMIA INCLUDE: Mood changes and trouble sleeping. Qsymia may cause depression or mood problems, and trouble sleeping. Tell your healthcare provider if symptoms occur.On July 17, 2012, the FDA approved a tablet combining phentermine plus extended-release topiramate (Qsymia, Vivus) for weight loss. Phentermine has been used for weight loss, and topiramate is an antiepileptic agent that has been commonly associated with weight loss as a side effect. The doses approved for weight reduction are lower than either ... Objective: The aim of this work was to study weight loss and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or death associated with longer-term phentermine use. Methods: Using electronic health record data, 13,972 adults were identified with a first phentermine fill in 2010 to 2015, creating exposure categories according to a patient's duration of use (referent: ≤ 3 months).trouble sleeping (insomnia) new or worse irritability acting aggressive, being angry, or violent acting on dangerous impulses an extreme increase in activity and talking (mania) other unusual changes in behavior or mood Serious eye problems which include: Common side effects include tingling, dizziness, trouble sleeping, and constipation. Serious side effects may include suicide, abuse. Use is not recommended during pregnancy. Phentermine is a stimulant and appetite suppressant. Topiramate is an anticonvulsant that has weight loss side effects.Dec. 4, 2019 — A new study finds the only reliable way to measure exposure to radon gas is with a long-term testing kit, 90 or more days. Researchers placed two test kits, a short term (five-day ...This combination consists of fixed lower doses of phentermine and topiramate (3.75/23, 7/46, 11.25/69 and 15/92 mg) and is available in capsules under the brand name Qsymia. Common side effects of phentermine include nervousness, excitability, insomnia, headache, dry mouth, sweating, tachycardia, palpitations, nausea, constipation, and thirst.Qsymia is prescription-only weight loss medication that contains a combination of phentermine HCl and topiramate extended-release. This drug, which received FDA approval in 2012, helps manage obesity longer-term than phentermine alone, but also carries the risk of additional side effects (1, 2).Qsymia side effects can include trouble sleeping if taken in the evening and potential seizures if you stop the medication abruptly. Other side effects can include dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, tiredness, tingling of the hands/feet, constipation, and metallic tastes. Some of the more serious side effects can include temporary difficulty ...Oct 27, 2021 · Introduction. The worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) between 25.0–29.9 kg/m 2 and ≥30.0 kg/m 2, 1 has almost tripled since the 1970s, with nearly 40% of adults being overweight and 13% obese, and these numbers have been steadily increasing. 2 Patients with obesity are at an increased risk of developing comorbidities such as ... Common side effects of phentermine and topiramate may include: joint pain, ankle sprain; flu -like symptoms; dizziness; constipation; numbness or tingly feeling; sleep problems ( insomnia ); dry mouth, changes in your sense of taste; or. mood changes, feelings of low self-worth, loss of interest in things you once enjoyed, thoughts about ...Oct 26, 2022 · Common Qsymia side effects may include: joint pain, ankle sprain; flu-like symptoms; dizziness; constipation; numbness or tingly feeling; sleep problems (insomnia); dry mouth, changes in your sense of taste; or. mood changes, feelings of low self-worth, loss of interest in things you once enjoyed, ... Qsymia's results have been clinically tested in two long-term studies with ... QSYMIA CAN CAUSE SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS, INCLUDING: Birth defects (cleft lip/cleft palate). If you take Qsymia during ... Sep 21, 2018 · Using nonexposed periods in former users as a comparison achieves partial balance for obesity status. Second, because the signal of potential concern with Qsymia is increased heart rate—an effect that does not persist after the drug is withdrawn—the potential for carryover effects beyond current use was considered remote. Key variables It is used by certain overweight people, such as those who are obese or have weight -related medical problems. Losing weight and keeping it off can lessen the many health risks that come with ...It is used by certain overweight people, such as those who are obese or have weight -related medical problems. Losing weight and keeping it off can lessen the many health risks that come with ... Qsymia's results have been clinically tested in two long-term studies with ... QSYMIA CAN CAUSE SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS, INCLUDING: Birth defects (cleft lip/cleft palate). If you take Qsymia during ... In clinical studies, patients lost the most weight after taking Contrave for 36 weeks and maintained weight loss through 56 weeks. In terms of phentermine weight loss, studies were only done for a short period of time. Once you stop phentermine, your appetite will return to normal. As a result, weight gain may occur.The latest weight loss drugs work in a new way to help you shed pounds with minimal side effects. Learn how they do it and why you take them long term. ... (Qsymia®): This medication also ...These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about ...Other side effects. Some side effects of phentermine / topiramate may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects.Phentermine is used as part of a short-term plan, along with a low calorie diet, for weight reduction. It is used in obese patients who have not been able to lose weight with diet and exercise alone. Phentermine belongs to the group of medicines known as appetite suppressants. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.trouble sleeping (insomnia) new or worse irritability acting aggressive, being angry, or violent acting on dangerous impulses an extreme increase in activity and talking (mania) other unusual changes in behavior or mood Serious eye problems which include:or short-term obesity treatment in conjunction with lifestyle modifications, but is commonly used chronically. Topiramate, approved for treating epilepsy and preventing migraines, also induces weight loss. A single-dose combination of low-dose phentermine and topiramate extended-release was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as an adjunct to lifestyle ...Jan 1, 2014 · Phentermine has the advantage of low cost and many years of clinical experience, but its long-term use is considered off-label, long-term effects on CVD outcomes are unknown, and most use has been a few months or less. 41 There are even fewer data for long-term safety and efficacy of the other noradrenergic agents. Orlistat has a reasonably ... ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ ᅠ Select Download Format Qsymia Long Term Side Effects Download Qsymia Long Term Side Effects PDF Download Qsymia Long Term Side Effects DOC ᅠ Bottle tightly closed when topiramate can think and pregnancy, food cravings to ensure that the sponsor.Qsymia works by reducing your appetite. In initial studies, Qsymia helped about 70% of adults lose at least 5% of their body weight after 1 year. Close to 50% of participants lost at least 10% of their body weight. When compared to Contrave, researchers found that Qsymia is usually the more effective option. 3.Uses. This medication is used with a doctor-approved exercise, behavior change, and reduced-calorie diet program to help you lose weight. It is used by certain overweight people, such as those who ...Jan 28, 2023 · Saxenda Side Effects: Long-term use of Saxenda can lead to dangerous effects, such as suicidal thoughts, impaired kidney function, pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, and increased heart rate. Short-Term Diet Pills Side Effects: Due to amphetamine-type effects, medications approved for short-term use can cause elevated heart rate and blood ... Along with its needed effects, liraglutide (the active ingredient contained in Saxenda) may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention. Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur while taking liraglutide: More common. Bladder painDiphenhydramine is an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergy, hay fever, and the common cold. These symptoms include rash, itching, watery eyes, itchy eyes /nose/throat, cough, runny ...Saxenda Side Effects: Long-term use of Saxenda can lead to dangerous effects, such as suicidal thoughts, impaired kidney function, pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, and increased heart rate. Short-Term Diet Pills Side Effects: Due to amphetamine-type effects, medications approved for short-term use can cause elevated heart rate and blood ...These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about ...Places you in a long-term behavioral changing plan; The Cons. Serious side-effects; Some people didn’t notice that many benefits; The results they claim are underwhelming; Qsymia Conclusion. Qsymia is an example of a prescription drug for weight loss that might do more harm than good.1. In 2012, a new medication called Qsymia (with both Adipex and Topamax components) became available for weight loss. It was the first FDA approved weight loss drug in its class. The weight loss pill is a combination of 2 existing drugs: phentermine and topiramate. This combination has been shown to be a good tool for weight loss in addition ...This combination consists of fixed lower doses of phentermine and topiramate (3.75/23, 7/46, 11.25/69 and 15/92 mg) and is available in capsules under the brand name Qsymia. Common side effects of phentermine include nervousness, excitability, insomnia, headache, dry mouth, sweating, tachycardia, palpitations, nausea, constipation, and thirst.It does not making you lose than reaching the idea, it is a compound that can be able to lose weight. It also leads to by increasing their absorption of physical activity and improvement Qsymia Long Term Side EffectsTaking this medication late in the day may cause trouble sleeping ( insomnia ). Swallow the capsules whole. Do not crush or chew the capsules. Doing so can release all of the drug at once,...Jan 6, 2021 · During the last few decades, some anti-obesity drugs were used to treat morbid obesity; however, many of them were removed from the market owing to long-term side effects, particularly cardiovascular issues . Since then, anti-obesity drug development process focusses on both weight loss efficacy and cardiovascular safety. Aug 22, 2021 · Indeed, in the wake of the fen-phen problems, the FDA rejected all drug company efforts to win approval for new weight-loss drugs between 1999 and 2012. Since then, it has approved four drugs for ... Jan 3, 2020 · The Bottom Line. Qsymia is a prescription-only weight loss medication that, when used in conjunction with diet and exercise, has a proven track record in overweight and obese individuals. The most common adverse effects are abnormal skin sensations, dizziness, altered taste, insomnia, constipation, and dry mouth, more severe issues can occur. As long as you are not taking the medication continuously with no breaks, and will stop the medication eventually, I believe that this is a safe treatment for you. That being said, you mentioned 5 years in the beginning of the question. If you have been taking the medication 3 months on, 1 month off for 5 years, I would consider that long term ...The options have short-term side effects and long-term risks. However, when other weight loss medications and diets have not produced adequate results, doctors may consider surgery.Nov 15, 2022 · diarrhea. dry mouth and tongue. bad taste in your mouth. constipation*. headaches*. mild allergic reaction *†. * To learn more about this side effect, see the “Side effects explained ... Qsymia Dosage and Administration. Take orally once daily in morning. Avoid administration in evening to prevent insomnia ( 2.3 ). Recommended starting dosage is 3.75 mg/23 mg (phentermine mg/topiramate mg) daily for 14 days; then increase to 7.5 mg/46 mg daily ( 2.3 ). On the positive side, lower doses of semaglutide, the active ingredient in Wegovy, have been used to treat diabetes for several years now, though UpToDate, a site that aggregates research about treatments to support decision-making by physicians, notes that there have been very few trials lasting more than four years, so the long-term safety of ...After stopping phentermine, some people experience feelings of weariness and fatigue due to the sudden lack of chemical stimulation. If you are tired after stopping phentermine, take care to: Get enough sleep. Fuel your body with healthy foods: avoid high-fat, high-carb, and high-sugar goods that may worsen fatigue. Stay lightly active.or short-term obesity treatment in conjunction with lifestyle modifications, but is commonly used chronically. Topiramate, approved for treating epilepsy and preventing migraines, also induces weight loss. A single-dose combination of low-dose phentermine and topiramate extended-release was recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as an adjunct to lifestyle ...Feb 1, 2023 · Phentermine is used as part of a short-term plan, along with a low calorie diet, for weight reduction. It is used in obese patients who have not been able to lose weight with diet and exercise alone. Phentermine belongs to the group of medicines known as appetite suppressants. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription. 7. Wegovy (semaglutide) Wegovy is the newest FDA-approved weight-loss medication and works much the same way as Saxenda, by mimicking the action of the hormone GLP-1 to suppress hunger. Wegovy is a once-a-week injectable. Dosage is increased over the course of several weeks-to-months, until a 2.4 mg dose is achieved.It is used by certain overweight people, such as those who are obese or have weight -related medical problems. Losing weight and keeping it off can lessen the many health risks that come with ...Phentermine (Adipex-P, Lomaira) is a prescription medicine used to lessen appetite. It can help weight loss by making you less hungry. Or it can help you feel full longer. Phentermine also is offered combined with topiramate for weight loss (Qsymia). The combined drug is approved for long-term use.Apr 21, 2022 · Topamax withdrawal can occur when it’s stopped abruptly instead of tapered. The greatest risk is that your seizures worsen. Instead of stopping Topamax at once, your HCP can help you taper your dosage gradually. 7. Gabapentin (Neurontin) Gabapentin (Neurontin) is FDA-approved to treat seizures and nerve pain. Apr 11, 2017 · Serious side effects vary by drug but can include depression, heart palpitations, fast or irregular heartbeat, increased blood pressure, dizziness, tremors, chest pain, and difficulty breathing ... Topamax withdrawal can occur when it’s stopped abruptly instead of tapered. The greatest risk is that your seizures worsen. Instead of stopping Topamax at once, your HCP can help you taper your dosage gradually. 7. Gabapentin (Neurontin) Gabapentin (Neurontin) is FDA-approved to treat seizures and nerve pain.Common Side Effects of Weight Loss Drugs. Increased blood pressure and heart rate, insomnia, nervousness, restlessness, dependence, abuse or withdrawal may occur with long-term use. When given as a single agent, phentermine is not implicated in valvular heart disease; avoid use at bedtime.The table below lists prescription drugs approved by the FDA for weight loss. The FDA has approved five of these drugs—orlistat (Xenical, Alli), phentermine-topiramate (Qsymia), naltrexone-bupropion (Contrave), liraglutide (Saxenda), and semaglutide (Wegovy)—for long-term use.Jun 17, 2022 · The options have short-term side effects and long-term risks. However, when other weight loss medications and diets have not produced adequate results, doctors may consider surgery. The combination of phentermine and extended-release topiramate (Qsymia) was approved by the FDA in July 2012 as an adjunct to a reduced-calorie diet and exercise for long-term weight management in individuals with an initial BMI of 30 kg/m 2 or higher (obese) or 27 kg/m 2 or higher (overweight) with at least one weight-related comorbid ...tiredness and weakness. trouble thinking, speaking, or walking. upper right abdominal or stomach pain. weak or feeble pulse. weight gain. yellow eyes or skin. Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine.Apr 21, 2022 · Topamax withdrawal can occur when it’s stopped abruptly instead of tapered. The greatest risk is that your seizures worsen. Instead of stopping Topamax at once, your HCP can help you taper your dosage gradually. 7. Gabapentin (Neurontin) Gabapentin (Neurontin) is FDA-approved to treat seizures and nerve pain. At 6 months, a year, and 2 years after starting phentermine, weight loss was clinically significantly greater among people who used the medication longer-term (more than a year) or medium-term (more than112 days but less than a year) than in people who used it for only 3 months.Nov 15, 2022 · diarrhea. dry mouth and tongue. bad taste in your mouth. constipation*. headaches*. mild allergic reaction *†. * To learn more about this side effect, see the “Side effects explained ... COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF QSYMIA IN CHILDREN 12 YEARS OLD AND OLDER INCLUDE: Depression, dizziness, joint pain, fever, flu, and ankle sprain. POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF QSYMIA INCLUDE: Mood changes and trouble sleeping. Qsymia may cause depression or mood problems, and trouble sleeping. Tell your healthcare provider if symptoms occur. Phentermine and Qsymia are both medications used for weight loss. Phentermine is only approved for short-term usage, while Qsymia is approved for long-term use. Topiramate is a medication used to treat seizures and prevent migraines. It also happens to have a noticeable weight loss effect, although it’s not approved in Canada solely for ...Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergy, hay fever, and the common cold. These symptoms include rash, itching, watery eyes, itchy eyes /nose/throat, cough, runny ...Phentermine Results after 3 Months. First of all, let us clarify if you take Phentermine HCL without any special diet or exercise plan, it is possible to lose around 8 pounds within the 3 months ...May 3, 2023 · 1. Nausea and vomiting. Nausea is the most common semaglutide side effect. Up to 20% of people taking it for Type 2 diabetes reported nausea in clinical trials. Nausea is even more common if you’re taking the higher-dose version for weight loss. Vomiting tends to be less common than nausea. Feb 25, 2021 · Ozempic, a medication used in type 2 diabetes, is currently under review by the FDA to be approved for weight loss in overweight or obese adults. Phentermine may be a more accessible option to help you lose weight, but it should only be used for a few weeks. Both Ozempic and phentermine can help to curb your appetite so that you eat fewer ... Jun 17, 2022 · The options have short-term side effects and long-term risks. However, when other weight loss medications and diets have not produced adequate results, doctors may consider surgery. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine used to relieve symptoms of allergy, hay fever, and the common cold. These symptoms include rash, itching, watery eyes, itchy eyes /nose/throat, cough, runny ... Introduction. The worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) between 25.0–29.9 kg/m 2 and ≥30.0 kg/m 2, 1 has almost tripled since the 1970s, with nearly 40% of adults being overweight and 13% obese, and these numbers have been steadily increasing. 2 Patients with obesity are at an increased risk of developing comorbidities such as ...Symptoms of severe phentermine side effects include ( 3 , 4 ): Chest pain. Pounding or irregular heartbeat, or fluttering in your chest. Lightheadedness or faintness. Shortness of breath, even with only mild exertion. Swelling in your legs, ankles, or feet (edema) Slurred speech or weakness on one side of your body.Long-term users may also experience unwanted long-term side effects resulting from changes to physiology and neurobiology that accumulate over an extended period of time. Individual Factors Hypothetically, two individuals may commence Qsymia treatment on the same day, at the same dose, and avoid using co-administered substances.Jul 18, 2021 · Paresthesia (tingling, numbness) of the extremities (15-38%) Dizziness (11-28%) Dysgeusia (abnormal taste sensation) (6-19%) Insomnia (7-17%) Constipation (6-16%) Dry mouth (5-14%) Headache (5-14%) Nausea (5-13%) Diarrhea (4-11%) Upper respiratory tract infection (4-9%) Jan 3, 2020 · The Bottom Line. Qsymia is a prescription-only weight loss medication that, when used in conjunction with diet and exercise, has a proven track record in overweight and obese individuals. The most common adverse effects are abnormal skin sensations, dizziness, altered taste, insomnia, constipation, and dry mouth, more severe issues can occur. 7. Wegovy (semaglutide) Wegovy is the newest FDA-approved weight-loss medication and works much the same way as Saxenda, by mimicking the action of the hormone GLP-1 to suppress hunger. Wegovy is a once-a-week injectable. Dosage is increased over the course of several weeks-to-months, until a 2.4 mg dose is achieved.Extreme happiness or sadness. Symptoms of dangerously high blood pressure, such as severe headache, blurred vision, buzzing in your ears, anxiety, confusion, chest pain, shortness of breath, uneven heartbeats, or seizures. These symptoms can indicate a serious phentermine side effect.This review showed that combining low doses of phentermine and topiramate for the treatment of obesity minimized side effects while maintained weight loss efficacy. The side effects were paraesthesia, taste changes and dry mouth. Weight loss induced by the combination was associated with improved BP through one and two years of treatment.

Apr 30, 2014 · This review showed that combining low doses of phentermine and topiramate for the treatment of obesity minimized side effects while maintained weight loss efficacy. The side effects were paraesthesia, taste changes and dry mouth. Weight loss induced by the combination was associated with improved BP through one and two years of treatment. . Hot shot 2 p t chart

qsymia long term side effects

Aug 1, 2023 · tiredness and weakness. trouble thinking, speaking, or walking. upper right abdominal or stomach pain. weak or feeble pulse. weight gain. yellow eyes or skin. Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Places you in a long-term behavioral changing plan; The Cons. Serious side-effects; Some people didn’t notice that many benefits; The results they claim are underwhelming; Qsymia Conclusion. Qsymia is an example of a prescription drug for weight loss that might do more harm than good.Aug 1, 2023 · tiredness and weakness. trouble thinking, speaking, or walking. upper right abdominal or stomach pain. weak or feeble pulse. weight gain. yellow eyes or skin. Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. After stopping phentermine, some people experience feelings of weariness and fatigue due to the sudden lack of chemical stimulation. If you are tired after stopping phentermine, take care to: Get enough sleep. Fuel your body with healthy foods: avoid high-fat, high-carb, and high-sugar goods that may worsen fatigue. Stay lightly active.On July 17, 2012, the FDA approved a tablet combining phentermine plus extended-release topiramate (Qsymia, Vivus) for weight loss. Phentermine has been used for weight loss, and topiramate is an antiepileptic agent that has been commonly associated with weight loss as a side effect. The doses approved for weight reduction are lower than either ... Aug 3, 2023 · What Is Wegovy? Wegovy (semaglutide) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist indicated as an adjunct to a reduced calorie diet and increased physical activity for chronic weight management in adult patients with an initial body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m2 or greater (obesity) or 27 kg/m2 or greater (overweight) in the presence of at least one weight-related comorbid condition (e ... Phentermine and Qsymia are both medications used for weight loss. Phentermine is only approved for short-term usage, while Qsymia is approved for long-term use. Topiramate is a medication used to treat seizures and prevent migraines. It also happens to have a noticeable weight loss effect, although it’s not approved in Canada solely for ...Jun 28, 2023 · Extreme happiness or sadness. Symptoms of dangerously high blood pressure, such as severe headache, blurred vision, buzzing in your ears, anxiety, confusion, chest pain, shortness of breath, uneven heartbeats, or seizures. These symptoms can indicate a serious phentermine side effect. On the positive side, lower doses of semaglutide, the active ingredient in Wegovy, have been used to treat diabetes for several years now, though UpToDate, a site that aggregates research about treatments to support decision-making by physicians, notes that there have been very few trials lasting more than four years, so the long-term safety of ...4. Avoid alcohol. Avoid drinking alcohol while taking Qsymia as it can increase your risk of serious side effects, such as central nervous system depression, and an increase in your risk of falls. 5. Don’t skip meals. Eating regular meals and snacks will help to prevent low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia). 6. Qsymia is an appetite suppressant with side effects and it's not clear why it works. It tends to help you feel full. It works for me. But what it helps you do is CICO. For me in particular, it lets me eat one "normal" meal a day and the other meals light. I feel full in the evening so I don't feel hungry.Phentermine has the advantage of low cost and many years of clinical experience, but its long-term use is considered off-label, long-term effects on CVD outcomes are unknown, and most use has been a few months or less. 41 There are even fewer data for long-term safety and efficacy of the other noradrenergic agents. Orlistat has a reasonably ...Aug 22, 2021 · Indeed, in the wake of the fen-phen problems, the FDA rejected all drug company efforts to win approval for new weight-loss drugs between 1999 and 2012. Since then, it has approved four drugs for ... .

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